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Vespasian and the Flavian dynasty When the three emperors of this dynasty ruled, the scenario was not that of continous turmoil any more and they were able to continously proceed with the management of the Empire in a consistent manner. They were: Vespasian (69-79), Titus (79-81) and Domitian (81-96). The first one, in spite of conspiracies aimed at his assassination, was able to rebuild Rome. His most important monuments are a temple to peace and the Flavian Amphitheatre, that he could not finish. This construction is now universally known as the Colosseum. Of Vespasian's government, we do not know much. In the beginning, the administration was in charge of Mucianus, because Vespasian was ruling in Egypt, presumably to manage the relationship of the Romans with people in that area. He was good in promoting his own image and the changes undertaken by his government, such as financial reforms. A curiosity must be mentioned. Vespasian imposed a tax on public urinals; old people in Rome still calls them "vespasiani", the name has been conveyed from those ancient to the modern times. Under his rule, the Empire fought the First Jewish-Roman War; when Titus took his place, the city of Jerusalem was destroyed. Uprisings took place in some parts of the Roman dominions, such as Germania and Gaul. Vespasian survived a number of conspiracies aimed at his assassination and died of natural causes; his contemporaries, including historians such as Pliny the Elder, Tacitus and Suetonius, had a good reputation for him, the same cannot be said of the previous emperors. Titus was Vespasian's eldest son and by many points of view he followed the steps of the parent. Indeed, Suetonious praises him as a good emperor, and Titus made his father a God, promoting the name of the Flavian family beyond the original intention, and undertook a remarkable building program for Rome. Under his command, the Colosseum was finished. Nevertheless, he died unexpectedly after two years, but the fact that he was respected by his contemporaries is confirmed by the decision of the Senate to deify him. It is worth to mention that in such short timespan, both the eruption of the volcan Vesuvius (79 A.D.) and a major fire in Rome (80 A.D.) took place. It was the Praetorian Guard that put Domitian in command of the Empire, and it stayed on the throne for fifteen years, a sign of stability that had not occurred for a long time; nevertheless, he was killed by people from his court and with his departure, the dynasty was not to last. Domitian is remembered for his war with the Dacian population (not entirely successful), the expansion on England (Britannia) and a renewed building effort for the Capital of the Empire. The Senate did not like Domitian's ruling and the historians of the time do not portray him fairly; modern studies, though, cast a much better light on this efficient man who improved bureaucracy. Nerva, who had been friend and advisor to him, started the Nervan-Antonian dynasty that followed. |
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